eCPM from Google Adsense (and talking about any other advertisement network) means Effective CPM and is calculated dividing the earnings by page impressions and multiplying it by 1000.
eCPM = Earnings / Page Impressions) * 1000
From a publisher’s perspective, eCPM is a useful way to compare revenue across different channels and advertising programs. It is calculated by dividing total earnings by the number of impressions, then multiplied by 1000.
For example if a publisher earned $350.00 from 90.000 impressions in a particular advertising project, the eCPM would equal $350 divided by 90000 (X 1000), or $3.89 (cost per thousand). While this term has been around for a long time in Internet advertising, Google has re-invented it, like they have done with most everything else they have tried. They have moved the (advertising) bar to a much higher notch.